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my father served in the army

  • 1 serve

    sə:v
    1. verb
    1) (to work for a person etc eg as a servant: He served his master for forty years.) servir
    2) (to distribute food etc or supply goods: She served the soup to the guests; Which shop assistant served you (with these goods)?) servir
    3) (to be suitable for a purpose: This upturned bucket will serve as a seat.) servir (de)
    4) (to perform duties, eg as a member of the armed forces: He served (his country) as a soldier for twenty years; I served on the committee for five years.) servir, prestar servicio
    5) (to undergo (a prison sentence): He served (a sentence of) six years for armed robbery.) cumplir
    6) (in tennis and similar games, to start the play by throwing up the ball etc and hitting it: He served the ball into the net; Is it your turn to serve?) sacar

    2. noun
    (act of serving (a ball).) servicio
    - serving
    - it serves you right
    - serve an apprenticeship
    - serve out
    - serve up
    serve1 n saque
    whose serve is it? ¿a quién le toca sacar?
    serve2 vb
    1. servir
    eat what you want, serve yourselves comed lo que queráis, servíos vosotros mismos
    2. atender
    3. sacar
    tr[sɜːv]
    1 (work for) servir (as, de)
    2 (customer) servir, atender; (food, drink) servir
    ■ are you being served? ¿le atienden?
    ■ dinner is served at 8.00 pm se sirve la cena a les 8.00
    ■ we can't serve alcohol after 11.00 pm no podemos servir alcohol después de las 11.00
    3 (be useful to) servir, ser útil
    4 (provide with service) prestar servicio a
    6 SMALLLAW/SMALL (summons, writ, court order, etc) entregar, hacer entrega de
    ■ he was served with a summons fue citado para comparecer ante del juez, recibió una citación judicial
    7 (tennis) sacar, servir
    1 (work for) servir
    2 (in shop) atender; (food, drink) servir
    ■ who wants to serve? ¿quién quiere servir?
    3 (be useful to) servir (as, de)
    4 (tennis) servir, sacar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    if my memory serves me right/well si no me falla la memoria, si mal no recuerdo
    to serve at mass ayudar en misa
    to serve somebody right tenerlo bien merecido alguien
    to serve time cumplir una condena
    serve ['sərv] v, served ; serving vi
    1) : servir
    to serve in the navy: servir en la armada
    to serve on a jury: ser miembro de un jurado
    2) do, function: servir
    to serve as: servir de, servir como
    3) : sacar (en deportes)
    serve vt
    1) : servir
    to serve God: servir a Dios
    2) help: servir
    it serves no purpose: no sirve para nada
    3) : servir (comida o bebida)
    dinner is served: la cena está servida
    4) supply: abastecer
    5) carry out: cumplir, hacer
    to serve time: servir una pena
    6)
    to serve a summons : entregar una citación
    n.
    • servicio (Tenis) (•Deporte•) s.m.
    n.
    • saco s.m.
    • saque s.m.
    • saque en el tenis s.m. (Tennis)
    v.
    • sacar (Tenis) (•Deporte•) v.
    v.
    • abastecer v.
    • asistir v.
    • ayudar v.
    • escanciar v.
    • estar al servicio de v.
    • ser útil a v.
    • servir v.

    I
    1. sɜːrv, sɜːv
    1) ( work for) \<\<God/monarch/party\>\> servir* a
    2) (help, be useful to) servir*

    if (my) memory serves me correctly — si la memoria me es fiel, si la memoria no me falla

    it serves her right! — se lo merece!, lo tiene bien merecido!, le está bien empleado! (Esp)

    3)
    a) ( Culin) \<\<food/drink\>\> servir*

    serves four — ( in recipe) para cuatro personas; ( on packet) cuatro raciones or porciones

    dinner is served — (frml) la cena está servida

    b) ( in shop) (BrE) atender*

    are you being served? — ¿lo atienden?

    4) ( Transp)

    the bus route serving Newtown — el servicio or la línea de autobuses que va a Newtown

    5) ( Law) \<\<summons/notice/order\>\> entregar*, hacer* entrega de

    to serve something on somebody to serve somebody with something: they served a summons on all the directors todos los directivos recibieron una citación judicial; she was served with divorce papers — recibió notificación de la demanda de divorcio

    6) ( complete) \<\<apprenticeship\>\> hacer*; \<\<sentence\>\> cumplir

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) ( be servant) (liter) servir*
    b) ( in shop) (BrE) atender*
    c) ( distribute food) servir*
    2) (spend time, do duty)

    to serve in the army — servir* en el ejército

    to serve on a committee — integrar una comisión, ser* miembro de una comisión

    3) (have effect, function)

    to serve to + INF — servir* para + inf

    let this serve as a warning — que esto te (or les etc) sirva de advertencia

    4) ( Sport) sacar*, servir*
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    noun servicio m, saque m
    [sɜːv]
    1. VT
    1) (=work for) [+ employer, God, country] servir a

    he served his country well — sirvió dignamente a la patria, prestó valiosos servicios a la patria

    2) (=be used for, be useful as) servir

    that serves to explain... — eso sirve para explicar...

    • it serves its/my purpose — viene al caso

    • it serves you right — te lo mereces, te lo tienes merecido, te está bien empleado

    it served him right for being so greedy — se lo mereció por ser tan glotón, le está bien empleado por glotón

    3) (in shop, restaurant) [+ customer] servir, atender; [+ food, meal] servir

    are you being served, madam? — ¿le están atendiendo, señora?

    4) (=complete) cumplir, hacer

    • to serve ten years in the army — servir diez años en el ejército

    • to serve a prison sentence, serve time (in prison) — cumplir una condena or una pena de cárcel

    5) (Jur) [+ writ, summons] entregar
    6) (Travel)
    7) (Culin) (=be enough for)
    8) (Tennis etc)

    to serve the ball — servir (la bola), sacar

    2. VI
    1) [servant, soldier] servir

    to serve on a committee/jury — ser miembro de una comisión/un jurado

    2) (at mealtime) servir

    shall I serve? — ¿sirvo?

    3) (in shop) atender
    4) (=be useful)

    to serve for or as — servir de

    it serves to show that... — sirve para demostrar que...

    5) (Tennis) sacar
    3.
    N (Tennis etc) servicio m, saque m

    whose serve is it? — ¿quién saca?, ¿de quién es el servicio?

    he has a strong serve — tiene un servicio or saque muy fuerte

    * * *

    I
    1. [sɜːrv, sɜːv]
    1) ( work for) \<\<God/monarch/party\>\> servir* a
    2) (help, be useful to) servir*

    if (my) memory serves me correctly — si la memoria me es fiel, si la memoria no me falla

    it serves her right! — se lo merece!, lo tiene bien merecido!, le está bien empleado! (Esp)

    3)
    a) ( Culin) \<\<food/drink\>\> servir*

    serves four — ( in recipe) para cuatro personas; ( on packet) cuatro raciones or porciones

    dinner is served — (frml) la cena está servida

    b) ( in shop) (BrE) atender*

    are you being served? — ¿lo atienden?

    4) ( Transp)

    the bus route serving Newtown — el servicio or la línea de autobuses que va a Newtown

    5) ( Law) \<\<summons/notice/order\>\> entregar*, hacer* entrega de

    to serve something on somebody to serve somebody with something: they served a summons on all the directors todos los directivos recibieron una citación judicial; she was served with divorce papers — recibió notificación de la demanda de divorcio

    6) ( complete) \<\<apprenticeship\>\> hacer*; \<\<sentence\>\> cumplir

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) ( be servant) (liter) servir*
    b) ( in shop) (BrE) atender*
    c) ( distribute food) servir*
    2) (spend time, do duty)

    to serve in the army — servir* en el ejército

    to serve on a committee — integrar una comisión, ser* miembro de una comisión

    3) (have effect, function)

    to serve to + INF — servir* para + inf

    let this serve as a warning — que esto te (or les etc) sirva de advertencia

    4) ( Sport) sacar*, servir*
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    noun servicio m, saque m

    English-spanish dictionary > serve

  • 2 Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso

    (1869-1951)
       Career army officer, one of the founders of the Estado Novo (1926-74), and the longest-serving president of the republic of that regime (1926-51). Born in Lisbon in 1869, the son of a career cavalry officer, Oscar Carmona entered the army in 1888 and became a lieutenant in 1894, in the same cavalry regiment in which his father had served. He rose rapidly, and became a general during the turbulent First Republic, briefly served as minister of war in 1923, and achieved public notoriety as prosecutor for the military in one of the famous trials of military personnel in an abortive 1925 coup. General Carmona was one of the key supporters of the 28 May 1926 military coup that overthrew the unstable republic and established the initially unstable military dictatorship (1926-33), which was the political system that founded the Estado Novo (1933-74).
       Carmona took power as president upon the ousting of the Twenty-eighth of May coup leader, General Gomes da Costa, and guided the military dictatorship through political and economic uncertainty until the regime settled upon empowering Antônio de Oliveira Salazar with extraordinary fiscal authority as minister of finance (April 1928). Elected in a managed election based on limited male suffrage in 1928, President Carmona served as the Dictatorship's president of the republic until his death in office in 1951 at age 81. In political creed a moderate republican not a monarchist, General (and later Marshal) Carmona played an essential role in the Dictatorship, which involved a division of labor between Dr. Salazar, who, as prime minister since July 1932 was responsible for the daily management of the government, and Carmona, who was responsible for managing civil-military relations in the system, maintaining smooth relations with Dr. Salazar, and keeping the armed forces officer corps in line and out of political intervention.
       Carmona's amiable personality and reputation for personal honesty, correctness, and hard work combined well with a friendly relationship with the civilian dictator Salazar. Especially in the period 1928-44, in his more vigorous years in the position, Carmona's role was vital in both the political and ceremonial aspects of his job. Car-mona's ability to balance the relationship with Salazar and the pressures and demands from a sometimes unhappy army officer corps that, following the civilianization of the regime in the early 1930s, could threaten military intervention in politics and government, was central to the operation of the regime.
       After 1944, however, Carmona was less effective in this role. His tiring ceremonial visits around Portugal, to the Atlantic Islands, and to the overseas empire became less frequent; younger generations of officers grew alienated from the regime; and Carmona suffered from the mental and physical ailments of old age. In the meantime, Salazar assumed the lion's share of political power and authority, all the while placing his own appointees in office. This, along with the regime's political police (PVDE or PIDE), Republican National Guard, and civil service, as well as a circle of political institutions that monopolized public office, privilege, and decision making, made Carmona's role as mediator-intermediary between the career military and the largely civilian-managed system significantly less important. Increasingly feeble and less aware of events around him, Carmona died in office in April 1951 and was replaced by Salazar's chosen appointee, General (and later Marshal) Francisco Craveiro Lopes, who was elected president of the republic in a regime-managed election.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso

  • 3 Lithgow, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 27 January 1883 Port Glasgow, Renfrewshire, Scotland
    d. 23 February 1952 Langbank, Renfrewshire, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish shipbuilder; creator of one of the twentieth century's leading industrial organizations.
    [br]
    Lithgow attended Glasgow Academy and then spent a year in Paris. In 1901 he commenced a shipyard apprenticeship with Russell \& Co., where his father, William Lithgow, was sole proprietor. For years Russell's had topped the Clyde tonnage output and more than once had been the world's leading yard. Along with his brother Henry, Lithgow in 1908 was appointed a director, and in a few years he was Chairman and the yard was renamed Lithgows Ltd. By the outbreak of the First World War the Lithgow brothers were recognized as good shipbuilders and astute businessmen. In 1914 he joined the Royal Artillery; he rose to the rank of major and served with distinction, but his skills in administration were recognized and he was recalled home to become Director of Merchant Shipbuilding when British shipping losses due to submarine attack became critical. This appointment set a pattern, with public duties becoming predominant and the day-to-day shipyard business being organized by his brother. During the interwar years, Lithgow served on many councils designed to generate work and expand British commercial interests. His public appointments were legion, but none was as controversial as his directorship of National Shipbuilders Security Ltd, formed to purchase and "sterilize" inefficient shipyards that were hindering recovery from the Depression. To this day opinions are divided on this issue, but it is beyond doubt that Lithgow believed in the task in hand and served unstintingly. During the Second World War he was Controller of Merchant Shipbuilding and Repairs and was one of the few civilians to be on the Board of Admiralty. On the cessation of hostilities, Lithgow devoted time to research boards and to the expansion of the Lithgow Group, which now included the massive Fairfield Shipyard as well as steel, marine engineering and other companies.
    Throughout his life Lithgow worked for the Territorial Army, but he was also a devoted member of the Church of Scotland. He gave practical support to the lona Community, no doubt influenced by unbounded love of the West Highlands and Islands of Scotland.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Military Cross and mentioned in dispatches during the First World War. Baronet 1925. Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire 1945. Commander of the Order of the Orange-Nassau (the Netherlands). CB 1947. Served as the employers' representative on the League of Nations International Labour Conference in the 1930s. President, British Iron and Steel Cofederation 1943.
    Further Reading
    J.M.Reid, 1964, James Lithgow, Master of Work, London: Hutchinson.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Lithgow, James

  • 4 Roebling, Washington Augustus

    SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering
    [br]
    b. 26 May 1837 Saxonburg, Pennsylvania, USA
    d. 21 July 1926 Trenton, New Jersey, USA.
    [br]
    American civil engineer.
    [br]
    The son of John Augustus Roebling, he graduated in 1857 from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute as a civil engineer, and joined his father in his suspension bridge construction work. He served in the Civil War as a colonel of engineers in the Union Army, and in 1867, two years after the end of the war, he went to Europe to study new methods of sinking underwater foundations by means of compressed air. These new methods were employed in the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, of which he took charge on his father's death in 1869. Timber pneumatic caissons were used, with a maximum pressure of 34 psi (2.4 kg/cm2) above atmospheric pressure. Two years after work on the piers had started in the caissons, Roebling, who had been working constantly with the men on the foundations of the piers, was carried unconscious out of the caisson, a victim of decompression sickness, then known as “caisson disease”. He was paralysed and lost the use of his voice. From then on he directed the rest of the work from the sickroom of his nearby house, his wife, Emily Warren Roebling, helping with his instructions and notes and carrying them out to the workforce; she even read a statement from him to the American Society of Civil Engineers. The erection of the cables, which were of steel, began in August 1876 and took twenty-six months to complete. In 1881 eleven trustees and Emily Warren Roebling walked across temporary planking, but the decking of the total span was not completed until 1885, fourteen years after construction of the bridge had started. The Brooklyn Bridge was Roebling's last major work, although following the death of his nephew in 1921 he was forced to head again the management of Roebling \& Company, though aged 84 and an invalid.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    D.B.Steinman and S.R.Watson, 1941, Bridges and their Builders, New York: Dover Books.
    D.McCullough, 1982, The Great Bridge: The Epic Story of the Building of the Brooklyn
    Bridge, New York: Simon \& Schuster.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Roebling, Washington Augustus

  • 5 Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside

    [br]
    b. 26 November 1810 Shieldfield, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
    d. 27 December 1900 Cragside, Northumbria, England
    [br]
    English inventor, engineer and entrepreneur in hydraulic engineering, shipbuilding and the production of artillery.
    [br]
    The only son of a corn merchant, Alderman William Armstrong, he was educated at private schools in Newcastle and at Bishop Auckland Grammar School. He then became an articled clerk in the office of Armorer Donkin, a solicitor and a friend of his father. During a fishing trip he saw a water-wheel driven by an open stream to work a marble-cutting machine. He felt that its efficiency would be improved by introducing the water to the wheel in a pipe. He developed an interest in hydraulics and in electricity, and became a popular lecturer on these subjects. From 1838 he became friendly with Henry Watson of the High Bridge Works, Newcastle, and for six years he visited the Works almost daily, studying turret clocks, telescopes, papermaking machinery, surveying instruments and other equipment being produced. There he had built his first hydraulic machine, which generated 5 hp when run off the Newcastle town water-mains. He then designed and made a working model of a hydraulic crane, but it created little interest. In 1845, after he had served this rather unconventional apprenticeship at High Bridge Works, he was appointed Secretary of the newly formed Whittle Dene Water Company. The same year he proposed to the town council of Newcastle the conversion of one of the quayside cranes to his hydraulic operation which, if successful, should also be applied to a further four cranes. This was done by the Newcastle Cranage Company at High Bridge Works. In 1847 he gave up law and formed W.G.Armstrong \& Co. to manufacture hydraulic machinery in a works at Elswick. Orders for cranes, hoists, dock gates and bridges were obtained from mines; docks and railways.
    Early in the Crimean War, the War Office asked him to design and make submarine mines to blow up ships that were sunk by the Russians to block the entrance to Sevastopol harbour. The mines were never used, but this set him thinking about military affairs and brought him many useful contacts at the War Office. Learning that two eighteen-pounder British guns had silenced a whole Russian battery but were too heavy to move over rough ground, he carried out a thorough investigation and proposed light field guns with rifled barrels to fire elongated lead projectiles rather than cast-iron balls. He delivered his first gun in 1855; it was built of a steel core and wound-iron wire jacket. The barrel was multi-grooved and the gun weighed a quarter of a ton and could fire a 3 lb (1.4 kg) projectile. This was considered too light and was sent back to the factory to be rebored to take a 5 lb (2.3 kg) shot. The gun was a complete success and Armstrong was then asked to design and produce an equally successful eighteen-pounder. In 1859 he was appointed Engineer of Rifled Ordnance and was knighted. However, there was considerable opposition from the notably conservative officers of the Army who resented the intrusion of this civilian engineer in their affairs. In 1862, contracts with the Elswick Ordnance Company were terminated, and the Government rejected breech-loading and went back to muzzle-loading. Armstrong resigned and concentrated on foreign sales, which were successful worldwide.
    The search for a suitable proving ground for a 12-ton gun led to an interest in shipbuilding at Elswick from 1868. This necessitated the replacement of an earlier stone bridge with the hydraulically operated Tyne Swing Bridge, which weighed some 1450 tons and allowed a clear passage for shipping. Hydraulic equipment on warships became more complex and increasing quantities of it were made at the Elswick works, which also flourished with the reintroduction of the breech-loader in 1878. In 1884 an open-hearth acid steelworks was added to the Elswick facilities. In 1897 the firm merged with Sir Joseph Whitworth \& Co. to become Sir W.G.Armstrong Whitworth \& Co. After Armstrong's death a further merger with Vickers Ltd formed Vickers Armstrong Ltd.
    In 1879 Armstrong took a great interest in Joseph Swan's invention of the incandescent electric light-bulb. He was one of those who formed the Swan Electric Light Company, opening a factory at South Benwell to make the bulbs. At Cragside, his mansion at Roth bury, he installed a water turbine and generator, making it one of the first houses in England to be lit by electricity.
    Armstrong was a noted philanthropist, building houses for his workforce, and endowing schools, hospitals and parks. His last act of charity was to purchase Bamburgh Castle, Northumbria, in 1894, intending to turn it into a hospital or a convalescent home, but he did not live long enough to complete the work.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1859. FRS 1846. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers; Institution of Civil Engineers; British Association for the Advancement of Science 1863. Baron Armstrong of Cragside 1887.
    Further Reading
    E.R.Jones, 1886, Heroes of Industry', London: Low.
    D.J.Scott, 1962, A History of Vickers, London: Weidenfeld \& Nicolson.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside

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